TRAMADOL
Tramal, Ultram, Mabron, Ralivia, Ryzolt, Tradonal, Tramacet, Tridural, Ultracet, Zamadol, Zydol, Zytram is a centrally acting analgesic used for treating moderate to severe pain. Tramadol was developed by the German Pharmaceutical Company in the late 1970’s. Tramadol possesses agonist actions at the opioid receptor and affects reuptake at the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Tramadol is a compound with agonist activity. Tramadol is a synthetic analog of codeine and as such is an opioid. Opioids are chemical compounds which agonise one or more of the human opiate receptors, regardless of the receptor class or sub-type. The opioid agonistic effect of tramadol and its major metabolites is almost complete exclusively effects the opioid receptor. This characteristic is notable because even morphine is not exclusive to the receptor, although it manifests the preponderance of its opioid agonistic effects here. Tramadol is used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain and most types of neuralgia, including trigeminal neuralgia. Tramadol is like levorphanol, somewhat, pharmacologically, as both opioids are also NMDA-antagonists which also have SNRI activity. It has been suggested that tramadol could be effective for alleviating symptoms of depression, anxiety and phobias because of its action on the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. However, health professionals have not endorsed its use for these disorders.
Diclofenac (Volten) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in conditions such as arthristis or acute injury. It can also be used to reduce menstrual pain, dysmenorrheal. The name is derived from its chemical name 2-(2,6-dichloranilino) phenylacetic acid. Diclofenac is available as a generic drug in a number of formulations. Over the counter use is approved in some countries for minor aches and pains and fever associated with common infections. Diclofenac is used for musculoskeletal complaints especially arthritis (rheumatoid arthristis, osteoarthritis, spondylarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis), gout attacks and pain management in case of kidney stones and gallstones. An additional indication is the treatment of acute migraines. Diclofenac is used commonly to treat mild to moderate post-operative or post-traumatic pain, particularly when inflammation is also present and is effective against mensutrual pain and edometriosis. Some countries have also approved the external use of Diclofenac 1% gel to treat musculoskeletal conditions.
In adults, Voltarol tablets can be used to relieve pain and inflammation in a wide range of conditions including those a form of arthritis affecting the joints of the spine (ankylosing spondylitis), painful conditions due to accidents such as spains, strains, dislocations, fractures, pain and inflammation following dental, orthopaedic (bone) and other minor surgery. During long-term treatment with this medicine I should have regular check-ups with doctor so that I can be monitored for possible side effects of the medicine. This might include rountine blood test to monitor kidney function, liver function and levels of blood components.
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